Integrating generic groupware and distributed work practices
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چکیده
iii The thesis describes the integration of web-based generic groupware in geographically distributed work practices of contemporary organisations. Empirical studies have been conducted of two international companies. These are studies of how the collaboration in project groups and organisational sections is mediated by virtual workspaces that are provided by generic groupware. The investigations focus on the configurations of the technology and ways of employment that develop in the use context. Based on qualitative research approach the thesis characterises the integration of generic groupware and distributed work practices. The circumstances are examined in situations, where the virtual workspace becomes an integral part of a work practice in a way that makes it impossible to disentangle it without severely obstructing the coordination of collaboration. This might for example be the case when the groupware provides an overview and reduces the complexity of a distributed cooperative process. The contributions of the thesis are presented in a collection of seven published conference papers and in the comparison of the findings in an extended integrative summary. The thesis combines concepts and approaches from the interdisciplinary research fields of Information Systems (IS), Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Science, Technology and Society studies (STS) to analyse the empirical material of the two case studies in order to understand the situated employment of standard-based infrastructures for collaboration and other distributed activities. Integrating generic groupware and distributed work practices iv Résumé (in Danish) Afhandlingen undersøger anvendelsen af generiske samarbejdsteknologier (groupware) i geografisk distribuerede arbejdsgrupper i to internationale organisationer. Til dette formål kombineres begreber og tilgangsvinkler fra de tværfaglige forskningsfelter systemudvikling af organisatoriske informationssystemer, computerunderstøttet samarbejde og videnskabsog teknologi studier. De empiriske studier fokuserer på processerne fra den første installation af applikationen i en generel opsætning akkompagneret af vage idéer om den fremtidige brug til specifikke konfigurationer af det virtuelle arbejdsrum i praksis, hvor teknologi og arbejdspraksis omformes. Disse forandringer sker ved at teknologien bliver taget i brug og arbejdspraksis tilpasser sig i en integrationsproces, hvor der udvikles måder at relatere sig til teknologien på i form af konventioner, aftaler, procedurer og andre såkaldte sociale protokoller. Den generiske samarbejdsteknologi bliver derved integreret og lokaliseret som en del af den øvrige teknologiske infrastruktur, som samarbejdet benytter sig af. Det betyder at samarbejdsteknologien får en plads ved siden af andre teknologier, såsom epost, telefon, lokale netværksdrev, etc. Selve undersøgelsen af disse forandringsprocesser er foretaget som en række kvalitative empiriske studier i samarbejde med forskere indenfor det tværfaglige forskningsprogram DIWA (Design and use of Interactive Web Applications). Afhandlingen er opbygget som en såkaldt artikelmodel og består af to dele. Første del er en sammenfatning, hvori artiklernes bidrag til besvarelse af det overordnede forskningsspørgsmål resumeres og der redegøres forskningstilgang og metoder samt teoretisk ståsted. Anden del består af syv publicerede artikler, som er blevet præsenteret på internationale konferencer om informationsteknologi og systemudvikling i organisationer. Derved placerer afhandlingen sig indenfor den brede ramme, som beskæftiger sig med samspillet mellem organisationers arbejdspraksis og digitale informationsog kommunikationsteknologier. Den øgede anvendelse af generiske standardprodukter i organisatoriske sammenhænge gør en række begreber og tilgangsvinkler fra forskningsfelter, som beskæftiger sig med udvikling og anvendelse af informationssystemer i organisationer (Information Systems Development) relevante. Denne brede ramme rummer forskellige delvist overlappende forskningsfelter som alle er relaterede til systemudvikling og konstruktion af disse teknologier eller deres brug i praksis. Afhandlingens fokus på forandringsprocesser, som finder sted i anvendelsessituationer gør forskningsfeltet om digitale samarbejdsteknologier og arbejdspraksis (Computer Supported Cooperative
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تاریخ انتشار 2004